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Debugging is an topic that goes above and beyond tracking down crash bugs - it's also not one of those things - where you get to lock yourself away and work on 'your' code - debugging can be anything from tracking down 'slowdowns' to 'design flaws' - why is the prototype performing poorly. Learn about the broader sense of debugging - including how to detect and manage elusive software bugs with advanced tools and strategies. WebGL isn't just for 3D - it's a gateway to unlocking the full potential of your GPU, whether you're rendering immersive scenes, crafting dynamic data visualizations, or harnessing parallel computing for blazing-fast performance. LaTeX is a must for anyone who works on professional documents - especially long complex documents with mathematical equations, figures, bibliographies, links and so on - while WYSIWYG visual editors are great for small magazines and posters - LaTeX is a game changer. It's been around for decades and it'll be around for decades to come - powerful, open source, easy to learn and creates professional results.
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WebGPU..

Games, Tutorials, Demos, Projects, and Code.....

  


Masking and Ortho


Render a transparent image but allow masking (certain pixels can be 'discarded') so you can see through certain parts. In this tutorial we create a full screen image which is drawn first- then for certain pixels they're allowed to be discarded (so you can render/see through to the background). In the background we draw a pair of cubes but using an ortho (orthogonal projection matrix - vs a perspective matrix) - so things do-not get smaller as they get further away.



Masked overlay image with a set of nested cubes (using transparncy) rendered in the background using ortho projection (fixed si...
Masked overlay image with a set of nested cubes (using transparncy) rendered in the background using ortho projection (fixed size with distance).


Functions Used: setVertexBuffer(), setIndexBuffer(), drawIndexed(), createBuffer(), getMappedRange(), getContext(), requestAdapter(), getPreferredCanvasFormat(), createCommandEncoder(), beginRenderPass(), setPipeline(), draw(), end(), submit(), getCurrentTexture(), createView(), createShaderModule()


The background image (full screen) is split into its own function object (easier to manage) and can be removed/added as needed. Just be sure it is drawn first.

background = function()
{

console.log('background.js');


const s = 1.0;
this.positions =  new Float32Array([-s,  s,   0,  
                                    -s, -s,  0,   
                                     s, -s,  0,   
                                     s,  s,   0 ]);

this.indices = new Uint32Array([ 0,1,2,    2,3,0 ]);
  
this.colors  = new Float32Array([ 0,1,0, 0,1,0, 0,1,0,  0,1,0 ]);

this.normals = new Float32Array([0,1,0,  0,1,0,  0,1,0,  0,1,0]);

this.uvs  = new Float32Array([0,0, 1,0, 1,1, 0,1 ]);

this.timer = new Float32Array([0.0]);
  
this.create = async function(device, presentationFormat)
{
this.positionBuffer = device.createBuffer({
  size:  this.positions.byteLength,
  usage: GPUBufferUsage.VERTEX | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST
});

this.colorBuffer = device.createBuffer({
  size:  this.colors.byteLength,
  usage: GPUBufferUsage.VERTEX | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST
});

this.normalBuffer = device.createBuffer({
  size:  this.normals.byteLength,
  usage: GPUBufferUsage.VERTEX | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST
});

this.uvBuffer = device.createBuffer({
  size:  this.uvs.byteLength,
  usage: GPUBufferUsage.VERTEX | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST
});

this.indicesBuffer = device.createBuffer({
  size:  this.indices.byteLength,
  usage: GPUBufferUsage.INDEX | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST
});

this.timerBuffer = device.createBuffer({
  size:  4, // single float
  usage: GPUBufferUsage.UNIFORM | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST
});

device.queue.writeBuffer(this.positionBuffer, 0, this.positions);
device.queue.writeBuffer(this.colorBuffer   , 0, this.colors   );
device.queue.writeBuffer(this.normalBuffer  , 0, this.normals  );
device.queue.writeBuffer(this.indicesBuffer , 0, this.indices  );
device.queue.writeBuffer(this.uvBuffer      , 0, this.uvs      );
device.queue.writeBuffer(this.timerBuffer   , 0, this.timer    );

// var vertWGSL = document.getElementById('vertex.wgsl').innerHTML;
// var fragWGSL = document.getElementById('fragment.wgsl').innerHTML;

var vertWGSL = `
struct Uniforms {
  viewMatrix : mat4x4<f32>,
  projMatrix : mat4x4<f32>,
};
@binding(0) @group(0) var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;

struct VSOut {
    @builtin(position) Position: vec4<f32>,
    @location(0)       color   : vec3<f32>,
    @location(1)       normal  : vec3<f32>,
    @location(2)       uvs     : vec2<f32>,
};

@vertex 
fn main(@location(0) inPos  : vec3<f32>,
        @location(1) color  : vec3<f32>,
        @location(2) normal : vec3<f32>,
        @location(3) uvs    : vec2<f32>) -> VSOut  
{ 
  var vsOut: VSOut;
  //vsOut.Position = uniforms.projMatrix * uniforms.viewMatrix * vec4<f32>( inPos, 1.0);
  vsOut.Position = vec4<f32>( inPos, 1.0);
  vsOut.uvs      = uvs;
  vsOut.color    = color;
  vsOut.normal   = (uniforms.viewMatrix * vec4<f32>(normal, 0.0)).xyz;
  return vsOut;
}
`;
  
var fragWGSL = `
@group(0) @binding(1) var mySampler: sampler;
@group(0) @binding(2) var myTexture: texture_2d<f32>;
@group(0) @binding(3) var <uniform> myTimer:   f32;

@fragment
fn main(@location(0) inColor: vec3<f32>,
        @location(1) normal : vec3<f32>,
        @location(2) uvs    : vec2<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> 
{
    let scrolluv = uvs;
    
    // return vec4 (rgba)
    let texCol = textureSample(myTexture, mySampler, scrolluv );
    
    if ( texCol.r > 0.5 )
    {
        discard;
    }
    

    // hard code reference direction (z direction)    
    let dir   = vec3<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);

    // scale brightness based on the normal vs ref drection
    let illum = abs( dot( dir, normal ) );

    // use texture for the color (scale it by the illum value)
    return vec4<f32>( texCol.xyz , 1.0 ); 
}
`;

// ----------------------------------------------------------------

let textureSampler = device.createSampler({
     minFilter: "linear",
     magFilter: "linear",
  
     addressModeU: "repeat",
     addressModeV: "repeat",
     addressModeW: "repeat", 
});

const img = document.createElement("img");
img.src = 'https://webgpulab.xbdev.net/var/images/gunscope.jpg';
await img.decode();

const basicTexture = device.createTexture({
    size: [img.width, img.height, 1],
    format: presentationFormat , // "bgra8unorm",
    usage:  GPUTextureUsage.COPY_DST | GPUTextureUsage.TEXTURE_BINDING
});

const imageCanvas = document.createElement('canvas');
imageCanvas.width =  img.width;
imageCanvas.height = img.height;
const imageCanvasContext = imageCanvas.getContext('2d');
imageCanvasContext.drawImage(img, 0, 0, imageCanvas.width, imageCanvas.height);
const imageData = imageCanvasContext.getImageData(0, 0, imageCanvas.width, imageCanvas.height);
let textureData= new Uint8Array( img.width * img.height * 4);
for (let x=0; x<img.width * img.height * 4; x++)
{
   textureData[ x ] = imageData.data[ x ];
}

device.queue.writeTexture( { texture: basicTexture },
            textureData,
            {   offset     :  0,
                bytesPerRow:  img.width * 4,
                rowsPerImage: img.height
             },
            [ img.width  ,  img.height,  1  ]   );


// ----------------------------------------------------------------

// dynamic world transforms (animate/rotate the shape)
//const rotation   = [0, 0, 0];
//let rotateXMat   = mat4.create();
//let rotateYMat   = mat4.create();
//let rotateZMat   = mat4.create();


//projectionMatrix     = mat4.create();
//const viewMatrix           = mat4.create();
//viewProjectionMatrix = mat4.create();
//modelMatrix          = mat4.create();

//mat4.perspective(projectionMatrix, Math.PI / 2, canvas.width / canvas.height, 0.1, 10.0)
//mat4.lookAt(viewMatrix, [0, 1.4, 1], [0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0]);
//mat4.multiply(viewProjectionMatrix, projectionMatrix, viewMatrix);

this.vertexUniformBuffer = device.createBuffer({
  size: 128,
  usage: GPUBufferUsage.UNIFORM | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST
});

//device.queue.writeBuffer(this.vertexUniformBuffer,   0,  viewMatrix );
//device.queue.writeBuffer(this.vertexUniformBuffer,   64, projectionMatrix          );

// ----------------------------------------------------------------

this.sceneUniformBindGroupLayout = device.createBindGroupLayout({
  entries: [
    { binding: 0, visibility: GPUShaderStage.VERTEX,   buffer:  { type: "uniform"  }   }, 
    { binding: 1, visibility: GPUShaderStage.FRAGMENT, sampler: { type: "filtering"}   },
    { binding: 2, visibility: GPUShaderStage.FRAGMENT, texture: { sampleType: "float",
                                                                  viewDimension: "2d"} },
    { binding: 3, visibility: GPUShaderStage.FRAGMENT, buffer:  { type: "uniform"  }   }, 
  ]
});

this.uniformBindGroup = device.createBindGroup({
  layout:   this.sceneUniformBindGroupLayout,
  entries: [
    { binding : 0, resource: { buffer: this.vertexUniformBuffer } },
    { binding : 1, resource: textureSampler },
    { binding : 2, resource: basicTexture.createView()  },
    { binding : 3, resource: { buffer: this.timerBuffer        } }
   ],
});

// ----------------------------------------------------------------

//const depthTexture = device.createTexture({
//  size   : presentationSize,
//  format : 'depth24plus',
//  usage  : GPUTextureUsage.RENDER_ATTACHMENT,
//});

// ----------------------------------------------------------------


this.pipeline = device.createRenderPipeline({
    layout: device.createPipelineLayout({bindGroupLayouts: [this.sceneUniformBindGroupLayout]}),
    vertex:   {  module    : device.createShaderModule({ 
                             code : vertWGSL }),
                 entryPoint: 'main',
                 buffers    : [ { arrayStride: 12, attributes: [{ shaderLocation: 0,
                                                                  format: "float32x3",
                                                                  offset: 0  }]        },
                                { arrayStride: 12, attributes: [{ shaderLocation: 1,
                                                                  format: "float32x3",
                                                                  offset: 0  }]        },
                                { arrayStride: 12, attributes: [{ shaderLocation: 2,
                                                                  format: "float32x3",
                                                                  offset: 0  }]        },
                                { arrayStride: 8,  attributes: [{ shaderLocation: 3,
                                                                  format: "float32x2",
                                                                  offset: 0  }]        }
                              ]},
    fragment: {  module    : device.createShaderModule({ 
                             code : fragWGSL,     }),
                 entryPoint: 'main',
                 targets: [{  format : presentationFormat  }] },
    primitive: { topology  : 'triangle-list',
                 frontFace : "ccw",
                 cullMode  : 'none',
                 stripIndexFormat: undefined },
   depthStencil: {
                 depthWriteEnabled: true,
                 depthCompare     : 'less',
                 format           : 'depth24plus' }
});

}// end create



this.draw = async function( device, context, depthTexture, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix ) 
{

  // GPURenderPassDescriptor 
  this.renderPassDescriptor = { 
        colorAttachments:  [{    
             view     : undefined, // asign later in frame
             loadOp:   "clear", 
             clearValue: { r: 0.2, g: 0.2, b: 0.2, a: 1.0 },
             storeOp  : 'store' }],
        depthStencilAttachment: {
             view: depthTexture.createView(),
             depthLoadOp:"clear", 
             depthClearValue: 1.0,
             depthStoreOp: 'store',
             //// // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // stencilLoadValue: 0,
             //// // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // stencilStoreOp: 'store' 
          } 
  };
  
  // --------------------------------------------------
  // Update uniform buffer 
 
  device.queue.writeBuffer(this.vertexUniformBuffer,   0,  viewMatrix );

  this.timer[0] = this.timer[0] + 0.01;
  device.queue.writeBuffer(this.timerBuffer   , 0, this.timer    );

  device.queue.writeBuffer(this.vertexUniformBuffer, 64, projectionMatrix);

  // --------------------------------------------------
  this.renderPassDescriptor.colorAttachments[0].view = context.getCurrentTexture().createView();

  const commandEncoder = device.createCommandEncoder();

  const renderPass = commandEncoder.beginRenderPass(this.renderPassDescriptor);
  renderPass.setPipeline(this.pipeline);
  renderPass.setBindGroup(0, this.uniformBindGroup);
  renderPass.setVertexBuffer(0, this.positionBuffer);
  renderPass.setVertexBuffer(1, this.colorBuffer);
  renderPass.setVertexBuffer(2, this.normalBuffer);
  renderPass.setVertexBuffer(3, this.uvBuffer);
  renderPass.setIndexBuffer(this.indicesBuffer, 'uint32');
  renderPass.drawIndexed(6, 1, 0, 0);
  renderPass.end();
  device.queue.submit([commandEncoder.finish()]);
  
}// end render(..)
  
}// end background



The body of the code with everything else - draws the nested cubes, sets up WebGPU etc.

// Load matrix library on dynamically (on-the-fly)
let matprom = await fetch( 'https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gl-matrix/2.6.0/gl-matrix-min.js' );
let mattex  = await matprom.text();
var script   = document.createElement('script');
script.type  = 'text/javascript';
script.innerHTML = mattex;
document.head.appendChild(script); 


const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
document.body.appendChild( canvas );
canvas.width  = canvas.height = 500;

const gpu = navigator.gpu;
console.log( 'navigator.gpu:', gpu );

const adapter = await gpu.requestAdapter();
const device  = await adapter.requestDevice();
const context = canvas.getContext('webgpu');

const presentationFormat = navigator.gpu.getPreferredCanvasFormat();  // context. getPreferredFormat(adapter); - no longer supported
context.configure({
  device,
  format: presentationFormat,
  alphaMode: 'premultiplied',  /* IMPORTANT IMPORTANT - vs default opacity */
});

////////////////////////////////////////
// Create vertex buffers and load data
////////////////////////////////////////

function createCube()
{
    // unit cube
    const cubeVertexArray = new Float32Array([
      // position,   color
       1, -1,  1,   1, 0, 0,   
      -1, -1,  1,   1, 0, 0,  
      -1, -1, -1,   1, 0, 0,   
       1, -1, -1,   1, 0, 0,  
       1, -1,  1,   1, 0, 0,   
      -1, -1, -1,   1, 0, 0,   

       1,  1,  1,   0, 1, 0, 
       1, -1,  1,   0, 1, 0,   
       1, -1, -1,   0, 1, 0,   
       1,  1, -1,   0, 1, 0,   
       1,  1,  1,   0, 1, 0,  
       1, -1, -1,   0, 1, 0, 

      -1,  1,  1,   0, 0, 1,   
       1,  1,  1,   0, 0, 1, 
       1,  1, -1,   0, 0, 1,  
      -1,  1, -1,   0, 0, 1,   
      -1,  1,  1,   0, 0, 1,   
       1,  1, -1,   0, 0, 1,   

      -1, -1,  1,   1, 1, 0,  
      -1,  1,  1,   1, 1, 0,  
      -1,  1, -1,   1, 1, 0,  
      -1, -1, -1,   1, 1, 0,  
      -1, -1,  1,   1, 1, 0,  
      -1,  1, -1,   1, 1, 0,  

       1,  1,  1,   1, 0, 1,  
      -1,  1,  1,   1, 0, 1,  
      -1, -1,  1,   1, 0, 1,  
      -1, -1,  1,   1, 0, 1,  
       1, -1,  1,   1, 0, 1,  
       1,  1,  1,   1, 0, 1,  

       1, -1, -1,   0, 1, 1,  
      -1, -1, -1,   0, 1, 1,  
      -1,  1, -1,   0, 1, 1,  
       1,  1, -1,   0, 1, 1,  
       1, -1, -1,   0, 1, 1,  
      -1,  1, -1,   0, 1, 1, 
    ]);

    const gpuBuffer = device.createBuffer({ size:  cubeVertexArray.byteLength,
                                            usage: GPUBufferUsage.VERTEX | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST });

    device.queue.writeBuffer(gpuBuffer, 0, cubeVertexArray);
  
    return { buffer:gpuBuffer, numVertices:36, stride:6*4 };
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

let basicVertWGSL = `
@group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> timer : f32;

struct Transforms {
    model      : mat4x4<f32>,
    view       : mat4x4<f32>,
    projection : mat4x4<f32>,
};
@group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> transforms : Transforms;

struct VertexOutput {
  @builtin(position) Position : vec4<f32>,
  @location(0) fragColor      : vec3<f32>
};

@vertex
fn main(@location(0) position : vec3<f32>,
        @location(1) color    : vec3<f32>) -> VertexOutput {
        
  var mvp = transforms.projection * transforms.view * transforms.model;
        
  var output : VertexOutput;
  output.Position     = mvp * vec4<f32>(position, 1.0);
  output.fragColor    = color;
  return output;
}
`;

let = basicPixelWGSL = `
@group(0) @binding(2) var<uniform> alpha : f32;

@fragment
fn main(@location(0) fragColor:   vec3<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
 
  return vec4<f32>(fragColor, alpha);
  
  // if you want a 'constant' color for the shape
  // return vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
}
`;

// ----------------------------------------------------------------

function buildMatrix( p, r, s ) // position, rotation, scale
{
    // if not set fall back to default values
    if (!s) s = {x:1, y:1, z:1};
    if (!r) r = {x:0, y:0, z:0};
    if (!p) p = {x:0, y:0, z:0};
  
    // Create the matrix in Javascript (using matrix library)
    const modelMatrix          = mat4.create();

    // create the model transform with a rotation and translation
    let translateMat = mat4.create();   mat4.fromTranslation( translateMat, Object.values(p) );
    let rotateXMat   = mat4.create();   mat4.fromXRotation(rotateXMat, r.x);
    let rotateYMat   = mat4.create();   mat4.fromYRotation(rotateYMat, r.y);
    let rotateZMat   = mat4.create();   mat4.fromZRotation(rotateZMat, r.z);
    let scaleMat     = mat4.create();   mat4.fromScaling(scaleMat, Object.values(s) );

    mat4.multiply(modelMatrix, modelMatrix,   translateMat);
    mat4.multiply(modelMatrix, modelMatrix,   rotateXMat);
    mat4.multiply(modelMatrix, modelMatrix,   rotateYMat);
    mat4.multiply(modelMatrix, modelMatrix,   rotateZMat);
    mat4.multiply(modelMatrix, modelMatrix,   scaleMat);
    return modelMatrix;
}

// build a model matrix (scale, rotate and position it wherever we want)
let modelMatrix = buildMatrix();
   
// setup the projection
let projectionMatrix = mat4.create(); 
// perspective(out, fovy, aspect, near, far)
mat4.perspective(projectionMatrix, Math.PI / 2, canvas.width / canvas.height, 0.001, 500.0);
// ortho(out, left, right, bottom, top, near, far)
let os = 3;
mat4.ortho(projectionMatrix, -os, os, -os, os, 0.01, 5.0);


// default camera `lookat`
let viewMatrix = mat4.create();
mat4.lookAt(viewMatrix, [0,0,-4],  [0,0,0], [0, 1, 0]);


let mvpUniformBuffer = device.createBuffer({
  size: 64*3,
  usage: GPUBufferUsage.UNIFORM | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST
});

device.queue.writeBuffer(mvpUniformBuffer,      0,      modelMatrix);
device.queue.writeBuffer(mvpUniformBuffer,      64,     viewMatrix);
device.queue.writeBuffer(mvpUniformBuffer,      128,    projectionMatrix);

// ----------------------------------------------------------------

const timerUniformBuffer = device.createBuffer({ size:  4, // single float for the timer
                                               usage: GPUBufferUsage.UNIFORM | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST});

let timeData = new Float32Array( [0.0]);
device.queue.writeBuffer(timerUniformBuffer,   0,    timeData );

// ----------------------------------------------------------------

const alphaUniformBuffer = device.createBuffer({ size:  4, // single float for the timer
                                               usage: GPUBufferUsage.UNIFORM | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST});

let alphaData = new Float32Array( [1.0]);
device.queue.writeBuffer(alphaUniformBuffer,   0,    alphaData );

// ----------------------------------------------------------------

const sceneUniformBindGroupLayout = device.createBindGroupLayout({
  entries: [ { binding: 0, visibility: GPUShaderStage.VERTEX,   buffer: { type: "uniform" } },
             { binding: 1, visibility: GPUShaderStage.VERTEX,   buffer: { type: "uniform" } },
             { binding: 2, visibility: GPUShaderStage.FRAGMENT, buffer: { type: "uniform" } },
           ]
});

const sceneUniformBindGroup = device.createBindGroup({
  layout: sceneUniformBindGroupLayout,
  entries: [ {  binding: 0, resource: { buffer: timerUniformBuffer  } },
             {  binding: 1, resource: { buffer: mvpUniformBuffer    } },
             {  binding: 2, resource: { buffer: alphaUniformBuffer  } },
           ]
});

// ----------------------------------------------------------------

let cubeData = createCube();

// ----------------------------------------------------------------

const pipeline = device.createRenderPipeline({
  layout: device.createPipelineLayout({bindGroupLayouts: [sceneUniformBindGroupLayout]}),
  vertex: {
    module: device.createShaderModule({
      code: basicVertWGSL
    }),
    entryPoint: "main",
    buffers: [ {arrayStride: cubeData.stride,
                attributes: [ {shaderLocation: 0, offset: 0,      format: 'float32x3' }, // position
                              {shaderLocation: 1, offset: 3*4,    format: 'float32x3'  } // color
             ] } ]
  },
  fragment: {
    module: device.createShaderModule({ code: basicPixelWGSL }),
    entryPoint: "main",
    targets: [{ format: presentationFormat,
                blend: { color: {srcFactor:'src-alpha', dstFactor:"one-minus-src-alpha" ,operation:"add"},
                               alpha: {srcFactor:'one',       dstFactor:"one" ,                operation:"add"}  }
              }]
  },
  primitive: {
    topology: "triangle-list",
    cullMode: 'back'
  },
  depthStencil: {
    format: "depth24plus",
    depthWriteEnabled: true,
    depthCompare: "less"
  }
});

    
const depthTexture = device.createTexture({
  size: [canvas.width, canvas.height, 1],
  format: "depth24plus",
  usage:  GPUTextureUsage.RENDER_ATTACHMENT
})


let scope = new background();
await scope.create(device, presentationFormat);


let rotation = {x:0, y:0, z:0};

function draw() {
  
  scope.draw(device, context, depthTexture, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix);
  
  // update uniform buffer
  timeData[0] += 0.005;
  device.queue.writeBuffer(timerUniformBuffer, 0, timeData);
    
  // Draw 2 cubes - on inside the other
  for (let k=0; k<2; k++)
  {
      // update rotation on local cube
      rotation.x += 0.02;
      rotation.y += 0.03;
      rotation.z += 0.01;
    
      let scale = {x:1, y:1, z:1};
      if ( k==0 )
      { 
         alphaData[0] = 1.0;
         scale.x = scale.y = scale.z = 0.5; 
      }
      if ( k==1 )
      {
         alphaData[0] = 0.2;
         scale.x = scale.y = scale.z = 1.0; 
      }

      device.queue.writeBuffer(alphaUniformBuffer,   0,    alphaData );
      
    
      modelMatrix = buildMatrix( null, rotation, scale );
      device.queue.writeBuffer(mvpUniformBuffer,      0,      modelMatrix);
    
    
      const renderPassDescription = {
          colorAttachments: [{
            view: context.getCurrentTexture().createView(),
            loadOp: 'load', // ( k==0 ? "clear":"load" ), - clear in the background drawn first
            clearValue: [0.9, 0.9, 0.9, 1], // clear screen color
            storeOp: 'store'
          }],
          depthStencilAttachment: {
            view: depthTexture.createView(),
            depthLoadOp:  'load', // ( k==0 ? "clear":"load"), - clear in the background drawn first
            depthClearValue: 1,
            depthStoreOp: "store",
          }
      };

      renderPassDescription.colorAttachments[0].view = context.getCurrentTexture().createView();

      const commandEncoder = device.createCommandEncoder();
      const renderPass = commandEncoder.beginRenderPass(renderPassDescription);

      renderPass.setPipeline(pipeline);
      renderPass.setVertexBuffer(0, cubeData.buffer);
      renderPass.setBindGroup(0, sceneUniformBindGroup);
      renderPass.draw(cubeData.numVertices, 1, 0, 0);
      renderPass.end();

      device.queue.submit([commandEncoder.finish()]);
  }

  requestAnimationFrame(draw);
};

draw();




Resources and Links


• WebGPU Lab Example []
















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