-
GRAYED
The menu item is inactive, and it does not generate a WM_COMMAND message.
The text is grayed.
-
INACTIVE The
menu item is inactive, and it does not generate a WM_COMMAND message. The
text is displayed normally.
-
MENUBREAK
This item and the following items appear on a new line of the menu.
-
HELP This
item and the following items are right-justified.
You can use one of the above option or combine
them with "or" operator. Beware that INACTIVE
and GRAYED
cannot be combined together.
POPUP statement
has the following syntax:
POPUP "&text" [,options]
{
[menu list]
}
POPUP statement defines a menu bar that, when
selected, drops down a list of menu items in a small popup window. The
menu list can be a MENUTIEM
or POPUP
statement. There's a special kind of MENUITEM
statement, MENUITEM SEPARATOR,
which will draw a horizontal line in the popup window.
The next step after you are finished with the
menu resource script is to reference it in your program.
You can do this in two different places in your
program.
-
In lpszMenuName member of WNDCLASSEX structure. Say,
if you have a menu named "FirstMenu", you can assigned the menu to your
window like this:
.DATA
MenuName db "FirstMenu",0
...........................
...........................
.CODE
...........................
mov wc.lpszMenuName, OFFSET MenuName
...........................
-
In menu handle parameter of CreateWindowEx like this:
.DATA
MenuName db "FirstMenu",0
hMenu HMENU ?
...........................
...........................
.CODE
...........................
invoke LoadMenu, hInst, OFFSET MenuName
mov hMenu, eax
invoke CreateWindowEx,NULL,OFFSET ClsName,\
OFFSET Caption, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,\
CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,\
CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,\
NULL,\
hMenu,\
hInst,\
NULL\
...........................
So you may ask, what's the difference between these
two methods?
When you reference the menu in the WNDCLASSEX
structure, the menu becomes the "default" menu for the window class. Every
window of that class will have the same menu.
If you want each window created from the same
class to have different menus, you must choose the second form. In this
case, any window that is passed a menu handle in its CreateWindowEx function
will have a menu that "overrides" the default menu defined in the WNDCLASSEX
structure.
Next we will examine how a menu notifies the
window procedure when the user selects a menu item.
When the user selects a menu item, the window
procedure will receive a WM_COMMAND message. The low word of wParam contains
the menu ID of the selected menu item.
Now we have sufficient information to create
and use a menu. Let's do it.
Content:
The first example shows how to create and use a menu
by specifying the menu name in the window class.
include windows.inc
includelib user32.lib
includelib kernel32.lib
includelib gdi32.lib
.data
ClassName db "SimpleWinClass",0
AppName db "Our First Window",0
MenuName db "FirstMenu",0
; The name of our menu in the resource file.
Test_string db "You selected Test menu item",0
Hello_string db "Hello, my friend",0
Goodbye_string db "See you again, bye",0
.data?
hInstance HINSTANCE ?
CommandLine LPSTR ?
.const
IDM_TEST equ 1
; Menu IDs
IDM_HELLO equ 2
IDM_GOODBYE equ 3
IDM_EXIT equ 4
.code
start:
invoke GetModuleHandle,
NULL
mov hInstance,eax
invoke GetCommandLine
invoke WinMain, hInstance,NULL,CommandLine,
SW_SHOWDEFAULT
invoke ExitProcess,eax
WinMain proc hInst:HINSTANCE,hPrevInst:HINSTANCE,CmdLine:LPSTR,CmdShow:SDWORD
LOCAL wc:WNDCLASSEX
LOCAL msg:MSG
LOCAL hwnd:HWND
mov wc.cbSize,SIZEOF
WNDCLASSEX
mov wc.style,
CS_HREDRAW or CS_VREDRAW
mov wc.lpfnWndProc,
OFFSET WndProc
mov wc.cbClsExtra,NULL
mov wc.cbWndExtra,NULL
push hInstance
pop wc.hInstance
mov wc.hbrBackground,COLOR_WINDOW+1
mov wc.lpszMenuName,OFFSET
MenuName
; Put our menu name here
mov wc.lpszClassName,OFFSET
ClassName
invoke LoadIcon,NULL,IDI_APPLICATION
mov wc.hIcon,eax
mov wc.hIconSm,0
invoke LoadCursor,NULL,IDC_ARROW
mov wc.hCursor,eax
invoke RegisterClassEx,
addr wc
invoke CreateWindowEx,NULL,ADDR
ClassName,ADDR AppName,\
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,CW_USEDEFAULT,\
CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,NULL,NULL,\
hInst,NULL
mov hwnd,eax
invoke ShowWindow, hwnd,SW_SHOWNORMAL
invoke UpdateWindow, hwnd
.WHILE TRUE
invoke GetMessage, ADDR msg,NULL,0,0
.BREAK .IF (!eax)
invoke DispatchMessage, ADDR msg
.ENDW
mov
eax,msg.wParam
ret
WinMain endp
WndProc proc hWnd:HWND, uMsg:UINT, wParam:WPARAM,
lParam:LPARAM
mov eax,uMsg
.IF eax==WM_DESTROY
invoke PostQuitMessage,NULL
.ELSEIF eax==WM_COMMAND
mov eax,wParam
.IF ax==IDM_TEST
invoke MessageBox,NULL,ADDR Test_string,OFFSET AppName,MB_OK
.ELSEIF ax==IDM_HELLO
invoke MessageBox, NULL,ADDR Hello_string, OFFSET AppName,MB_OK
.ELSEIF ax==IDM_GOODBYE
invoke MessageBox,NULL,ADDR Goodbye_string, OFFSET AppName, MB_OK
.ELSE
invoke DestroyWindow,hWnd
.ENDIF
.ELSE
invoke DefWindowProc,hWnd,uMsg,wParam,lParam
ret
.ENDIF
xor eax,eax
ret
WndProc endp
end start
****************************************************************
Menu.rc
****************************************************************
#define IDM_TEST 1
#define IDM_HELLO 2
#define IDM_GOODBYE 3
#define IDM_EXIT 4
FirstMenu MENU
{
POPUP "&PopUp"
{
MENUITEM "&Say Hello",IDM_HELLO
MENUITEM "Say &GoodBye", IDM_GOODBYE
MENUITEM SEPARATOR
MENUITEM "E&xit",IDM_EXIT
}
MENUITEM "&Test", IDM_TEST
}
Let's analyze the resource file first.
#define IDM_TEST 1
/* equal to IDM_TEST equ 1*/
#define IDM_HELLO 2
#define IDM_GOODBYE 3
#define IDM_EXIT 4
The above lines define the menu IDs used by the
menu script. You can assign any value to the ID as long as the value is
unique in the menu.
FirstMenu MENU
Declare your menu with MENU keyword.
POPUP "&PopUp"
{
MENUITEM "&Say Hello",IDM_HELLO
MENUITEM "Say &GoodBye", IDM_GOODBYE
MENUITEM SEPARATOR
MENUITEM "E&xit",IDM_EXIT
}
Define a popup menu with four menu items, the
third one is a menu separator.
MENUITEM "&Test", IDM_TEST
Define a menu bar in the main menu.
Next we will examine the source code.
MenuName db "FirstMenu",0
; The name of our menu in the resource file.
Test_string db "You selected Test menu item",0
Hello_string db "Hello, my friend",0
Goodbye_string db "See you again, bye",0
MenuName is the name of the menu in the resource
file. Note that you can define more than one menu in the resource file
so you must specify which menu you want to use. The remaining three lines
define the text strings to be displayed in message boxes that are invoked
when the appropriate menu item is selected by the user.
IDM_TEST equ 1
; Menu IDs
IDM_HELLO equ 2
IDM_GOODBYE equ 3
IDM_EXIT equ 4
Define menu IDs for use in the window procedure.
These values MUST
be identical to those defined in the resource file.
.ELSEIF eax==WM_COMMAND
mov eax,wParam
.IF ax==IDM_TEST
invoke MessageBox,NULL,ADDR Test_string,OFFSET AppName,MB_OK
.ELSEIF ax==IDM_HELLO
invoke MessageBox, NULL,ADDR Hello_string, OFFSET AppName,MB_OK
.ELSEIF ax==IDM_GOODBYE
invoke MessageBox,NULL,ADDR Goodbye_string, OFFSET AppName, MB_OK
.ELSE
invoke DestroyWindow,hWnd
.ENDIF
In the window procedure, we process WM_COMMAND
messages. When the user selects a menu item, the menu ID of that menu item
is sended to the window procedure in the low word of wParam along with
the WM_COMMAND message. So when we store the value of wParam in eax, we
compare the value in ax to the menu IDs we defined previously and act accordingly.
In the first three cases, when the user selects Test, Say Hello, and Say
GoodBye menu items, we just display a text string in a message box.
If the user selects Exit menu item, we call DestroyWindow
with the handle of our window as its parameter which will close our window.
As you can see, specifying menu name in a window
class is quite easy and straightforward. However you can also use an alternate
method to load a menu in your window. I won't show the entire source code
here. The resource file is the same in both methods. There are some minor
changes in the source file which I 'll show below.
.data?
hInstance HINSTANCE ?
CommandLine LPSTR ?
hMenu HMENU ?
; handle of our menu
Define a variable of type HMENU to store our menu
handle.
invoke LoadMenu, hInst, OFFSET MenuName
mov hMenu,eax
INVOKE CreateWindowEx,NULL,ADDR ClassName,ADDR AppName,\
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,CW_USEDEFAULT,\
CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,NULL,hMenu,\
hInst,NULL
Before calling CreateWindowEx, we call LoadMenu
with the instance handle and a pointer to the name of our menu. LoadMenu
returns the handle of our menu in the resource file which we pass to CreateWindowEx.
